Functions of cell membrane

Image by macrovector on Freepik

• The cell membrane, sometimes called the plasma membrane, is a semipermeable membrane that forms a protective outer layer around the cell and keeps its contents from leaking out. In a nutshell, the cell membrane is responsible for:
• The cell membrane surrounds the cell and separates the cell’s inside from its exterior, providing a protective barrier.
• The cell membrane is selectively permeable, meaning it enables certain chemicals to pass through while preventing others. The cell is able to regulate the substances that enter and leave the cell in this way.
• The cell membrane plays a crucial role in the structural integrity of the cell and in keeping the cell in its proper three-dimensional form.
• Through numerous signaling channels, the cell membrane facilitates communication between cells and with the outside world.
• The cell membrane contains a number of enzymes, which perform catalytic roles in the chemical reactions required for the cell to carry out its duties.
• Cells can link to neighboring cells and the extracellular matrix, a network of proteins and other substances that surrounds cells in tissues, thanks to the cell membrane.

Image by brgfx on Freepik

Functions of nucleus

A eukaryotic cell’s nucleus is a big, round or ellipsoidal organelle (cells with a true nucleus). Some of the primary roles of the nucleus are:

• DNA: the nucleus is where a cell’s hereditary information is stored. DNA, which is found in chromosomes and stores the cell’s genetic information, is found here.
• The nucleus is in charge of gene expression, the process by which the instructions in DNA are translated into proteins and other macromolecules.
• The nucleus plays a crucial role in controlling gene expression, which is the translation of DNA instructions into the proteins and other biomolecules that make up an organism. The nucleus regulates gene expression by switching genes on and off and modifying their expression levels.
• Protein synthesis occurs in the nucleus, and this process is critical to the proper functioning of every cell in the body.
• When a single cell divides into two daughter cells, the nucleus plays a pivotal role in both daughter cells’ development.
• The nucleus is also in charge of storing RNA, a form of nucleic acid that is essential for the creation of proteins and other macromolecules.

Functions of chromosomes in a cell

Chromosomes are structures found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells that contain the cell’s genetic material, which is organized into genes. The main functions of chromosomes are:

• Chromosomes house the cell’s DNA, the genetic material that encodes its traits and functions.
• Chromosomes have a role in gene expression, the process by which DNA’s instructions for making proteins and other biomolecules are put into action.
• Gene expression is the process by which the instructions for making proteins and other biomolecules that are included in DNA are carried out. Chromosomes play a critical part in this process of regulation. The cell has the ability to regulate gene expression by switching genes on and off and altering the pace of gene expression.
• Chromosomes have a role in the production of proteins, which are necessary for the proper functioning of every cell in the body.
• The process by which a single cell divides into two daughter cells is called cell division, and it is chromosomes that play a pivotal part in this process. When a cell divides, its chromosomes copy themselves and are split in half.
• Chromosomes play a role in the generation of genetic variation, which is the inherited diversity among species. Changes in the order of chromosomal genes are the root of this variety.

Functions of cell wall in plant cells

When it comes to plant cells, the cell wall is an extra layer of protection and support that acts as a structural layer around the cell membrane. Structure-wise, it’s made up of cellulose fibers held together by a matrix of polysaccharides and proteins.

The plant cell wall serves many purposes.

• As water and nutrients are carried through plant tissues like xylem and phloem, the cell wall provides mechanical support to help keep the cells in their proper shapes and sizes.
• The cell wall provides this protection by acting as a barrier between the inside and the outside, where hazardous diseases and substances could otherwise enter.
• The cell wall plays a role in water retention by controlling how much water enters and leaves a plant’s cells.
• When a cell multiplies, its size might increase by expanding through the cell wall.
• Additionally, the cell wall includes several signaling chemicals that can be transferred between cells and play a role in intercellular communication.
• Photosynthesis, which takes place in the cell wall of chloroplasts in plant cells, is just one example of how the cell wall enables plants to interact with their environment.