Biomagnification

The increase in concentration of a toxic substance as it moves up the food chain.

Results in higher levels of toxins in top predators, such as humans, compared to lower levels in their prey.

Bioaccumulation

The buildup of a substance in an organism over time, resulting from repeated exposure to the substance.

Occurs at all levels of the food chain and can result in harmful effects on the organism’s health.

Bioconcentration

The accumulation of a substance in an organism to levels higher than those found in its surrounding environment.

Occurs primarily in aquatic species and is influenced by factors such as the lipid content of the organism and the solubility of the substance in water.

Biomagnification

DDT (a pesticide) is consumed by small organisms and accumulates in the tissues of larger predatory organisms, leading to higher levels of toxicity in top predators such as eagles and humans.

Bioaccumulation

Mercury is absorbed by small organisms in contaminated waterways and accumulates in the tissues of larger fish, leading to high levels of mercury in fish consumed by humans.

Bioconcentration

PCBs (a group of industrial chemicals) are absorbed by aquatic plants and animals, leading to high levels in organisms such as mussels and fish.

Biomagnification

Top predators in the food chain, such as humans and certain animal species, are at risk of exposure to high levels of toxic substances.

Reduce use and release of toxic substances into the environment, practice sustainable agriculture and fishing, and limit consumption of high-risk species of fish and wildlife.

Bioaccumulation

Any organism that is repeatedly exposed to a substance over time can be at risk of bioaccumulation.

Reduce use and release of substances that are known to bioaccumulate, and limit exposure to contaminated water and food sources.

Bioconcentration

Aquatic organisms and species that rely on them for food are at risk of exposure to high levels of toxic substances.

Reduce use and release of toxic substances into waterways, promote sustainable and responsible practices in industries that use and discharge chemicals, and limit consumption of contaminated seafood.