Phosphorus, denoted by the chemical symbol P and atomic number 15, is a non-metallic chemical element. It is an essential element for life and has a wide range of industrial applications.

Chemical Properties of Phosphorus:

• Phosphorus is highly reactive and readily forms compounds with many other elements, including oxygen, sulfur, and chlorine.
• It exists in several different allotropes, including white, red, and black phosphorus.
• White phosphorus is highly flammable and reacts explosively with air, while red and black phosphorus are less reactive.

Physical Properties of Phosphorus:

• Phosphorus is a white, yellow, or red solid at room temperature and pressure, depending on the allotrope.
• It has a melting point of 44.1°C and a boiling point of 280°C.
• Phosphorus is a relatively dense element, with a density of 1.82 g/cm³.

Valency of Phosphorus:

• Phosphorus has a valency of -3, +3, and +5.
• It readily accepts three or five valence electrons to form covalent compounds.

Electronic Configuration of Phosphorus:

• The electron configuration of phosphorus is [Ne] 3s2 3p3.
• It has five valence electrons that are easily donated or accepted to form covalent compounds.

Uses of Phosphorus:

• Phosphorus is used in the production of fertilizers, which provide essential nutrients for plant growth.
• It is used in the production of detergents and other cleaning products.
• Phosphorus is also used in the production of steel, as well as in the production of electronics and other high-tech products.

Reactions of Phosphorus with Other Elements:

• Phosphorus reacts readily with oxygen to form phosphorus oxide, which can further react with water to form phosphoric acid.
• It can also react with other elements, such as sulfur and chlorine, to form phosphorus sulfide and phosphorus trichloride, respectively.

Balanced equations for Reactions of Phosphorus with Other Elements

Phosphorus + Oxygen -> Phosphorus Pentoxide

4 P + 5 O₂ -> 2 P₂O₅

Phosphorus + Chlorine -> Phosphorus Trichloride

2 P + 3 Cl₂ -> 2 PCl₃

Phosphorus + Bromine -> Phosphorus Tribromide

2 P + 3 Br₂ -> 2 PBr₃

Phosphorus + Iodine -> Phosphorus Triiodide

2 P + 3 I₂ -> 2 PI₃

Phosphorus + Hydrogen -> Phosphine

P₄ + 6 H₂ -> 4 PH₃

Phosphorus + Sulfur -> Phosphorus Trisulfide

P₄ + 3 S₈ -> 4 P₄S₃

Industrial Uses of Phosphorus:

• Phosphorus is used in a wide range of industrial applications, including in the production of fertilizers, cleaning products, and steel.
• It is also used in the production of electronics and other high-tech products.

Medical Uses of Phosphorus:

• Phosphorus is an essential element for life and is found in DNA and RNA, as well as in many other biological molecules.
• It is used in some medications to treat conditions such as hypophosphatemia.

Chemical and Physical Properties of Phosphorus in a table